Coca-Cola

Image:Coca-Cola Logo.gif

Coca-Cola is a carbonated soft drink, or cola, produced by the The Coca-Cola Company (NYSE:KO) of Atlanta, GA. The beverage is widely referred to as Coke, a nickname eventually trademarked by the company. Coke is one of the world's most recognizable and widely sold commercial brands.

Originally intended as a patent medicine when it was invented in the late 19th century, Coca-Cola was acquired by the businessman Asa Griggs Candler, whose shrewd marketing tactics led Coke to its world-wide soft drink market dominance during the twentieth century. Though faced with critiques of its health effects and various allegations of wrongdoing by the company, Coca-Cola has remained an internationally popular soft drink.

History

Early years

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Columbus, Georgia druggist John S. Pemberton invented a cocawine called Pemberton's French Wine Coca in 1884. He was inspired by the formidable success of French Angelo Mariani's cocawine, Vin Mariani.

The following year, when Atlanta and Fulton County passed Prohibition legislation, Pemberton began to develop a non-alchoholic version of the French Wine Cola. He named it Coca-Cola, because it included the stimulant coca leaves from South America and was flavored using kola nuts, a source of caffeine. Pemberton called for 5 ounces of coca leaf per gallon of syrup. The first sales were made at Jacob's Pharmacy in Atlanta, Georgia, on May 8, 1886, and for the first eight months only an average of nine drinks were sold each day. Pemberton ran the first advertisement for the beverage on May 29 that year in the Atlanta Journal.

Coca-Cola was initially sold as a patent medicine for five cents a glass. Although Pemberton intended it to be mixed with still water, it was sold at soda fountains, which were popular in the United States at the time thanks to a belief that carbonated water was good for the health. Pemberton claimed Coca-Cola cured a myriad of diseases, including morphine addiction, dyspepsia, neurasthenia, headache, and impotence.

In 1887, while himself suffering from an ongoing addiction to morphine, Pemberton sold a stake in his company to Asa Griggs Candler, who incorporated it as the Coca Cola Corporation in 1888. In the same year, Pemberton sold the rights a second time to three more businessmen: J.C. Mayfield, A.O. Murphey, and E.H. Bloodworth. Meanwhile, Pemberton's alcoholic son Charley Pemberton began selling his own version of the product. Three versions of Coca-Cola — sold by three separate businesses — were on the market. ^{[{{fullurl:}}#endnote_Pendergrast]}

In an attempt to clarify the situation, John Pemberton declared that the name Coca-Cola belonged to Charley, but the other two manufacturers could continue to use the formula. So, in the summer of 1888, Candler sold his beverage under the names Yum Yum and Koke. After both failed to catch on, Candler set out to establish a legal claim to Coca-Cola in late 1888, in order to force his two competitors out of the business. Candler purchased exclusive rights to the formula from John Pemberton, Margaret Dozier, and Woolfolk Walker. However, in 1914, Dozier came forward to claim her signature on the bill of sale had been forged, and subsequent analysis has indicated John Pemberton's signature was most likely a forgery as well.^{[{{fullurl:}}#endnote_Pendergrast2]}

In 1892, Candler incorporated a second company, The Coca-Cola Company (the current corporation), and in 1910 Candler had the earliest records of the company burned, further obscuring its legal origins. Regardless, Candler began aggressively marketing the product — the efficiency of this concerted advertising campaign would not be realized until much later.

Coca-Cola was sold in bottles for the first time on March 12, 1894, and cans of Coke first appeared in 1955. The first bottling of Coca-Cola occurred in Vicksburg, Mississippi, at the Biedenharn Candy Company in 1891. Its proprietor was Joseph A. Biedenharn. The original bottles were Biedenharn bottles, very different from the much later hobble-skirt design that is now so familiar. Asa Candler was tentative about bottling the drink, but the two entrepreneurs who proposed the idea were so persuasive that Candler signed a contract giving them control of the procedure. However, the loosely termed contract proved to be problematic for the company for decades to come. Legal matters were not helped by the decision of the bottlers to subcontract to other companies — in effect, becoming parent bottlers. This meant that Coca-Cola was originally sold in a wide variety of bottles, until the introduction of the iconic, standardized Coke bottle in 1916.

World War II

When the United States entered World War II, The Coca-Cola Company began providing free drinks for soldiers of the United States Army. The United States Army permitted Coca-Cola employees to enter the front lines as "Technical Officers" where they operated Coke's system of providing refreshments for soldiers, who welcomed the beverage as a reminder of home.

Coca-Cola set up bottling plants in several locations overseas to assure the drink's availability to soldiers, setting the stage for the company's post-war overseas expansion. The popularity of the drink exploded as American soldiers returned home from the war with a taste for the drink. The beverage had become synonymous with the American way of life.

Before the United States entered World War II, the difficulty of shipping Coca-Cola concentrate to Germany and its occupied states led to the creation of a new drink by a Coca-Cola employee, Fanta.

For more corporate history, see The history of the Coca-Cola Company.

Image:Newcoke.jpg

New Coke to the present

In 1985, Coca-Cola, amid much publicity, changed the formula of the drink. Some authorities believe that New Coke, as the reformulated drink came to be known, was invented specifically to respond to its commercial competitor, Pepsi. Double-blind taste tests suggested that more consumers preferred the taste of Pepsi (which is believed to have more lemon oil, less orange oil, and uses vanillin rather than vanilla) to Coke. In taste tests, drinkers are more likely to respond positively to sweeter drinks, and Pepsi had the advantage over Coke because it is much sweeter. Coca-Cola tinkered with the formula and created the new Coke. Follow-up taste tests revealed that most consumers preferred the taste of New Coke to both Coke and Pepsi. The reformulation was led by the then-CEO of the company, Roberto Goizueta, and the president Don Keough.

It is unclear what part long-time company president Robert W. Woodruff played in the reformulation. Goizueta claims that Woodruff endorsed it a few months before his death in 1985; others have pointed out that, as the two men were alone when the matter was discussed, Goizueta might have misinterpreted the wishes of the dying Woodruff, who could speak only in monosyllables. It has also been alleged that Woodruff might not have been able to understand what Goizueta was telling him.

The commercial failure of New Coke therefore came as a grievous blow to the management of the Coca-Cola Company. It is possible that customers would not have noticed the change if it had been made secretly or gradually, and thus brand loyalty could have been maintained. Coca-Cola management was unprepared, however, for the nostalgic sentiments the drink aroused in the American public; some compared changing the Coke formula to rewriting the American Constitution.

The new Coca-Cola formula subsequently caused a public backlash. Gay Mullins, from Seattle, Washington, founded the Old Cola Drinkers of America organization, which attempted to sue the company, and lobbied for the formula of Old Coke to be released into the public domain. This and other protests caused the company to return to the old formula under the name Coca-Cola Classic on July 10, 1985. The company was later accused of performing this volte-face as an elaborate ruse to introduce a new product while reviving interest in the original. Donald Keough, company president at the time, responded to the accusation by declaring: "Some critics will say Coca-Cola made a marketing mistake. Some cynics will say that we planned the whole thing. The truth is we are not that dumb, and we are not that smart."

The Coca-Cola Company is the world's largest consumer of natural vanilla extract. When New Coke was introduced in 1985, this had a severe impact on the economy of Madagascar, a prime vanilla exporter, since New Coke used vanillin, a less-expensive synthetic substitute. Purchases of vanilla more than halved during this period. But the flop of New Coke brought a recovery.

Image:Lg new coke logo.jpg Meanwhile, the market share for New Coke had dwindled to only 3% by 1986. In 1992 the company renamed the product "Coke II" (not to be confused with "Coke C2", a reduced-sugar cola launched by Coca-Cola in 2004). However, sales falloff caused a severe cutback in distribution. By 1998, it was sold in only a few places in the Midwestern U.S.

Coca-Cola formula

Main article: Coca-Cola formula

As a publicity marketing strategy started by Robert W. Woodruff, the company presents the formula of Coca-Cola as one of the most closely held trade secrets in modern business that only a few employees know or have access to. However, experienced perfumers and food scientists - today aided by modern analytical methods - can easily identify the composition of food products, a fact that is further supported by the many cola flavorings and competing soft drinks like Pepsi.

Coca-Cola design

Image:Cocacola bottle.jpg The famous Coca-Cola logotype is said to have largely been created by John Pemberton's business partner, Frank Mason Robinson, in 1885. It was Robsinson who came up with the name, and he also chose the logo’s distinctive cursive script. The typeface used, known as Spencerian script, was developed in the mid 19th century and was the dominant form of formal handwriting in the United States during that period.

The equally famous Coca-Cola bottle, called the "Contour bottle" within the company, was created in 1915 by a Swedish former glassblower, Alexander Samuelsson, who had emigrated to the US in the 1880's and was employed as a manager at the Root Glass Company in Terre Haute, Indiana, one of Coca-Cola's bottle suppliers. According to legend, having received the request for a truly distinctive bottle from bottler Benjamin F. Thomas, Samuelsson decided to see if the shapes of the two ingredients behind the product name (coca and kola nuts) could serve as inspiration. He looked in Encyclopaedia Britannica and was quickly forced to dismiss the idea. However, he continued to turn the pages and eventually he saw a picture of a cacao tree seed pod, with its bulging shape and distinctive grooves.

In November 1915, Root Glass Company patented the bottle, and in 1916 it went into production. It is said that the owner of Root Glass became one of Indiana's wealthiest men because of the bottle, while Samuelsson didn't get anything more than his usual salary.

Coca-Cola's advertising

Image:Cokebottles.jpg Coca-Cola's advertising has had a significant impact on American culture, and is frequently credited with the "invention" of the modern image of Santa Claus as an old man in red-and-white garments; however, while the company did in fact start promoting this image in the 1930s in its winter advertising campaigns, it was already common before that.^{[{{fullurl:}}#endnote_Claus]} In the 1970s, a song from a Coca-Cola commercial called "I'd Like to Teach the World to Sing", produced by Billy Davis, became a popular hit single, but there is no evidence that it did anything to increase sales of the soft drink.

Coke's advertising has been rather pervasive, as one of Woodruff's stated goals was to ensure that everyone on Earth drank Coca-Cola as their preferred beverage. Advertising for Coke is now almost ubiquitous, especially in southern areas of North America, such as Atlanta, where Coke was invented.

Coca-Cola has gone through a number of different advertising slogans in its long history, including "The pause that refreshes", "I'd like to buy the world a Coke", and "Coke is it" (see Coca-Cola slogans).

Recent history

During the 1980s, Pepsi-Cola ran a series of television advertisements showing people participating in taste tests in which they expressed a preference for Pepsi over Coke. Coca-Cola ran ads to combat Pepsi's ads in an incident sometimes referred to as the cola wars; one of Coke's ads compared the so-called Pepsi challenge to two chimpanzees deciding which tennis ball was furrier. Thereafter, Coca-Cola regained its leadership in the market.

In an attempt to broaden its portfolio, Coca-Cola purchased Columbia Pictures in 1982. Columbia provided subtle publicity through Coke product placements in many of its films while under Coke's ownership. However, after a few early successes, Columbia began to under-perform, and was dropped by the company in 1989.

Coca-Cola has a policy of avoiding using children younger than the age of 12 in any of its advertising as a result of a lawsuit from the beginning of the 20th century that alleged that Coke's caffeine content was dangerous to children.^{[citation needed]} However, in recent times, this has not stopped the company from targeting young consumers.^{[citation needed]} In addition, it has not been disclosed in exact terms how safe Coke is for consumption by young children (or pregnant mothers).^{[citation needed]}

Sport event sponsorships

Coca-Cola was the first-ever sponsor of the Olympic games, at the 1928 games in Amsterdam and has been an Olympics sponsor ever since. This corporate sponsorship included the 1996 Summer Olympics hosted in Atlanta, which allowed Coca-Cola to spotlight its hometown. Since 1978 Coca-Cola is the main sponsor of FIFA and has sponsored each FIFA World Cup and other competitions organised by FIFA. In fact, one of the FIFA tournament trophy: FIFA World Youth Championship from Tunisia in 1977 to Malaysia in 1997 was called "FIFA - Coca Cola Cup". In addition, Coca Cola sponsors the annual Coca-Cola 600 for the NASCAR Nextel Cup auto racing series at Lowe's Motor Speedway in Charlotte, North Carolina. Coca-Cola has a long history of sports marketing relationships, which over the years have included Major League Baseball, the National Football League, National Basketball Association and the National Hockey League, as well as with many teams within those leagues. They also sponsor the International Rules football test game played between Australia and Ireland every year

Criticisms

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Urban Legends and unusual uses

The numerous urban legends about Coca-Cola have led the Urban Legends Reference Pages to devote a whole section of their site to "Cokelore". One false legend claims that Coke was once green, or was accidentally carbonated when a clerk squirted syrup into the wrong glass.

Coca-Cola has been the target of urban legends decrying the drink for its supposedly copious amounts of acid (its pH value of 2.5 is midway between vinegar and gastric acid), or the "life-threatening" effects of its carbonated water. These urban legends usually take the form of "fun facts" — for example, "highway troopers use Coke to clean blood from highways after accidents", "somebody once died in a Coke-drinking competition," or "Coke can dissolve a tooth overnight". All of these claims are false. (While Highway Troopers do not use Coca-Cola for this purpose, it was proven on the television program MythBusters that Coca-Cola can be used quite well as a blood cleaning agent.) For more on acidity and health concerns, see the #Acidity subsection below.

One unusual use for Coke is as a rust-control substance—the phosphoric acid in coke converts iron oxide to iron phosphate, and as such can be used as an initial treatment for corroded iron and steel objects being renovated, etc. The acid can be used to anodize titanium according to various websites.^{[{{fullurl:}}#endnote_Seeley]}

Contrary to popular belief, the coca leaf extract cocaine was never added to Coca-Cola, per se. Because cocaine is naturally present in untreated coca leaves, small amounts of cocaine were also present in the beverage. Today's Coca-Cola uses "spent" coca leaves, those that have been through a cocaine extraction process, to flavor the beverage. Since this process cannot extract the cocaine alkaloids at a molecular level, the drink still contains trace amounts of the stimulant^{[{{fullurl:}}#endnote_rielly]}.

Adverse long-term health effects

While many nutritionists believe that "soft drinks and other calorie-rich, nutrient-poor food can fit into a good diet"^{[citation needed]}, it is generally agreed that Coca-Cola and other soft drinks can be harmful if consumed to excess^{[citation needed]}, particularly to young children whose soda consumption competes with, rather than complements, a balanced diet.^{[{{fullurl:}}#endnote_candy]} Studies have shown that regular soft drink users have a lower intake of calcium (which can contribute to osteoporosis), magnesium, ascorbic acid, riboflavin, and vitamin A.^{[{{fullurl:}}#endnote_Calcium]}

The drink has also aroused criticism for its use of caffeine.^{[{{fullurl:}}#endnote_Caffeine]} The soft drink industry dismisses many of these criticisms as urban myths.^{[{{fullurl:}}#endnote_Rumors]} There are some reports that Coca-Cola is addictive, although the veracity of these reports has yet to be established.^{[citation needed]}

Acidity

Evidence has been presented in numerous cases against Coca-Cola since the 1920s that decisively proves that the drink is not more harmful than comparable soft drinks, or indeed acidic fruit juices like Mr Juicy apple juice. Under normal conditions, its acidity causes no immediate harm.^{[{{fullurl:}}#endnote_myths]}

A 2005 experiment by the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry found the pH of the mouth to be 5.5, 5.6, and 5.7 in 5, 10, and 20 minutes (respectively) after swishing 15 mL in the mouth for one minute. None of those are in the critical range to damage tooth enamel. Diet Coke was found to be slightly less acidic. [1]

The impartiality of this experiment can be reasonably questioned. In 2003 the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry took a grant of $1m dollars from Coca-Cola to fund educational research. [2]

The drink has also aroused criticism for its use of phosphoric acid^{[{{fullurl:}}#endnote_Bone]}. For more, see phosphoric acid in food.

High Fructose Corn Syrup

Since the late 1980s in the US, Coke has been made with high fructose corn syrup instead of sugar glucose/fructose, except Kosher for Passover Coke which can't be made with high fructose corn syrup. This was done largely due to the prices of sugar increasing during these times. There are some groups who criticize this move to use high fructose corn syrup over sugar due to the fact that the corn in which the corn syrup is maintained may come from genetically altered plants.

As a political and corporate symbol

The Coca-Cola drink has a high degree of identification with the United States itself, being considered an "American brand" or to a small extent as representing America (compare Mickey Mouse). The drink is also often a metonym for the Coca-Cola Company. The identification with the spread of American culture has led to the pun "Coca-Colonisation".

As part of their 2005 "Experience The Experience" tour, art group monochrom created a 'Brick Of Coke': they put several gallons of Coca-Cola into a pot and boiled it down until the residue left behind could be molded into a brick. The performance and talk dealt with the sugar industry and other multinational corporation policies and Coca-Cola as a symbol of corporate power.

Middle East and U.S. foreign policy

Critics claim Coca-Cola is less popular in Arab countries due to disapproval of U.S. foreign policy in Israel and elsewhere.^{[citation needed]} They additionally cite the example of Mecca Cola which has become a hit in the past few years. However, these claims conflict with marketshare data. In the Middle East, the only region in the world where Coca-Cola is not the number one soda drink, Coca-Cola nonetheless holds almost 25% marketshare and had double-digit growth in 2003.[3]

India and Ingredients

Critics claim Coca-Cola is less popular in other places such as India, due to suspicions regarding the health standards of the drink. However, these claims conflict with marketshare data. As an example, in 2004 Coca-Cola India's market share was 60.9%.[4]

In 2003, the Centre for Science and Environment (CSE), a non-governmental organisation in New Dehli, said aerated waters produced by soft drinks manufacturers in India, including multinational giants Pepsico and Coca-Cola, contained toxins including lindane, DDT, malathion and chlorpyrifos — pesticides that can contribute to cancer and a breakdown of the immune system. Tested products included Coke, Pepsi, Seven Up, Mirinda, Fanta, Thums Up, Limca, Sprite

CSE found that the Indian produced Pepsi's soft drink products had 36 times the level of pesticide residues permitted under European Union regulations; Coca Cola's 30 times. CSE said it had tested the same products in the US and found no such residues.

Coca Cola and PepsiCo angrily denied allegations that their products manufactured in India contained toxin levels far above the norms permitted in the developed world. But an Indian parliamentary committee in 2004 backed up CSE's findings and a government-appointed committee is now trying to develop the world's first pesticide standards for soft drinks. Coke and PepsiCo oppose the move, arguing that lab tests aren't reliable enough to detect minute traces of pesticides in complex drinks like soda.

Coke's David Cox, Coke's Hong Kong-based communications director for Asia, accuses Sunita Narain, CSE's director, of "brandjacking," using Coke's brand name to draw attention to her campaign against pesticides. Ms. Narain says CSE's study of pesticide residues in soft drinks was a natural follow-up to a previous study it did on bottled water.[5]

In 2004, Coca-Cola was described as being experimentally used as a pesticide by India farmers in Andhra Pradesh.^{[{{fullurl:}}#endnote_grow]} However, it was later revealed to be a publicity stunt by local activists and farmers.[6]

Coca-Cola had registered a 15 percent drop in sales after the pesticide allegations were made in 2003. As of 2005, Coke and Pepsi together hold 95% market share of soft-drink sales in India.[7]

See #Business practices section for environmental impact discussions.

Colombia and International Boycott

In Summer 2003, Colombian trade Union SINALTRAINAL called for an international boycott of Coca-Cola products because of intimidation, kidnapping and murder of workers in Coca Cola bottling plants by paramilitaries who were allegedly acting on behalf of the Coca Cola Company in order to drive down wages in Colombia. [8] SINALTRAINAL's boycott followed the removal of the Coca-Cola Company from SINALTRAINAL's lawsuit, see the #Business practices section.

Business practices

Main article: Coca-Cola Company: Criticisms

As the largest seller of soft drinks in the world, including its flagship Coca-Cola drink, the Coca-Cola Company has been criticized for some of its corporate actions, from issues such as monopolistic practices, reliance on low health standards, racist employment practices, the privatization of water supplies, to the abuse of workers' rights, including the assassination of union members. There are many criticisms of both the company's products and trade practices.

• A number of universities in Canada, the UK, the U.S. and Ireland boycott Coca-Cola products for concerns over human rights abuses. For details on the boycotts, see the Coca-Cola Company page.

• In India, the corporation has provoked a number of boycotts and protests as a result of its perceived low standards of hygiene and adverse impact on the environment. [9]

• In Colombia, the company has been accused by Colombian trade Union SINALTRAINAL of human rights violations. Specifically, The Coca-Cola Company and its bottlers are accused of directing or tolerating the actions of paramilitaries against their workers in order to prevent them from setting up trade unions, resulting in some of the leaders of said attempted trade unions being murdered. With the help of the United Steelworkers of America, SINALTRAINAL filed a lawsuit in 2001. In April 2003 District Judge Jose E Martinez in Miami excluded The Coca-Cola Company and its Colombian unit because its bottling agreement did not give it "explicit control" over labour issues in Colombia; in short, the Coca-Cola Company was dismissed from the case.[10] The lawsuit is continuing against the bottlers, Panamco and Colombian bottler Bebidas y Alimentos. [11]) [12]:(For information on SINATRAINAL's boycott following the removal, see the #As a political and corporate symbol section.)

Main article: Coca-Cola Company: Praises

Coca Cola's positive business contributions following some of these criticisms include:

• Promoting Diversity: Awards including "50 Best Companies for Minorities" by Fortune Magazine in 2004 and ""50 Best Companies for Latinas to Work for in the U.S." by Latina Style in 2004. Coca-Cola offers domestic partner health benefits and its non-discrimination policy includes sexual orientation.
• HIV / AIDS in Africa: Coca-Cola will spend up to $5 million per year to fund HIV/AIDS treatment for Africans who work within the company's bottling system which employs 58,000 people in Africa; Coca Cola Africa has a $50 million budget to support HIV/AIDS programmes.
• Charitable Giving: The Coca-Cola Company and its bottling partners shipped more than 30 million donated 8-oz. servings to Hurricane Katrina Evacuees, donated $10 million to tsunami relief efforts in Asia and after the September 11 terrorist attacks committed to a $12 million financial contribution to disaster relief efforts.

International appeal

Coca-Cola is the best-selling soft drink in most countries. Nevertheless, there are some places like New York state in the United States of America, where Pepsi leads the market; Texas, in the USA, where Dr. Pepper is the number one soft drink; and Quebec, Newfoundland and Labrador, and Prince Edward Island in Canada, where Pepsi is the market leader.^{[citation needed]} In Peru,Inca Kola, the "national beverage" (independently produced until 1999, when Coca-Cola acquired Corporación Inca Kola del Perú S.A., the Peruvian company that formerly produced it) is more popular.[13] In Sweden, despite Coca-Cola's strong holiday-oriented marketing efforts, Julmust outsells Coca-Cola during the Christmas season.[14] Note that in Scotland, where the locally produced Irn-Bru was once more popular, 2005 figures show that both Coca-Cola and Diet Coke now outsell Irn-Bru.[15]

It is often repeated as an urban legend that the Coca-Cola company mistranslated its product's name into a string of characters meaning "Bite the wax tadpole" while attempting to market the product in Chinese. In reality, some local Chinese shopkeepers did create their own signs in an effort to approximate the sound of the product's name, resulting in kǒukē-kǒulà (口蝌口蜡), which might more literally be translated as "mouth tadpole, mouth wax". However, the Coca-Cola company itself never adopted such a translation. After reviewing all of the possible soundalikes, the company officially adopted kěkǒu-kělè (可口可乐), meaning roughly "tasty and fun".

Notes

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See also

• The Coca-Cola Company
• The World of Coca-Cola
• Soft drink
• Pepsi-Cola
• Jolt Cola
• OpenCola
• Mecca Cola
• Julmust

Types of Coke

• Coca-Cola
• New Coke
• Diet Coke
• Coca-Cola C2
• Coca-Cola Zero
• Cherry Coke
• Diet Cherry Coke
• Vanilla Coke
• Diet Vanilla Coke
• Coca-Cola with Lime
• Diet Coke with Lime
• Coca-Cola with Lemon
• Diet Coke with Lemon
• Raspberry Coke
• Diet Raspberry Coke
• Coca-Cola Light
• Coca-Cola Light with Citra
• Coca-Cola Light with Lemon (retired 2005)
• Coca-Cola Light with Orange
• Diet Coke sweetened with Splenda
• Black Cherry Vanilla Coca-Cola
• Diet Black Cherry Vanilla Coke
• Coca-Cola Blāk (coming 2006)
• Coke Sakto
• Coca-Cola M5
• Coca-Cola Citra
• Diet Coke Citra

Brands owned by Coca-Cola

Main article: Coca-Cola brands

External links

• Coca-Cola website
• Ronen Liwski's Coca-Cola Cans Collection
• Bobby's Coca-Cola on the Web
• A page about New Coke
• Coca-cola company entry at Knowmore.org, contains an in-depth look at criticisms against Coke.
• The Straight Dope: Is it true Coca-Cola once contained cocaine?
• Coca-Cola urban legends (or not)
• Coca-Cola Myths & Rumors
• [16]: FIFA U-21 World Youth Championships Emblems and Trophy Image
• Coca Cola Recipe
• Coke to launch new no-calorie soda MSNBC story on Coca-Cola Zero, which clarifies that it is not the same as the Splenda-sweetened product
• [17] - Killer Coke, the boycott coke foundation.